03 Logical ProblemsBy Bomvirtual.com / July 7, 2026 0% 0 votes, 0 avg 10 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879 Created by Bomvirtual.comlogical reasoning 03 Logical Problems 1 / 79 Category: Logical problem 1) All mangoes are golden in colour. No golden-coloured things are cheap. Conclusions : I. All mangoes are cheap. II. Golden-coloured mangoes are not cheap. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Neither I nor II follows Clearly, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘No mango is cheap’. Since all mangoes are golden in colour, we may substitute ‘mangoes’ with ‘golden-coloured mangoes’. 2 / 79 Category: Logical problem 2) All tubes are handles. All cups are handles. Conclusions : I. All cups are tubes. II. Some handles are not cups. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Either I or II follows C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion II follow Both the premises are A type propositions. So, in either, the middle term ‘handles’ forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. 3 / 79 Category: Logical problem 3) All oceans are rivers. Some springs are rivers. All wells are springs. Conclusions : I. Some springs are oceans. II. Some wells are rivers. III. Some rivers are oceans. IV. No well is river. A) Only either II or IV, and III follow B) All follow C) Only either I or III, and IV follow D) None follows All oceans are rivers. Some springs are rivers. Since the middle term ‘rivers’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. All wells are springs. Some springs are rivers. Since the middle term ‘springs’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II and IV involve the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 4 / 79 Category: Logical problem 4) Some towels are brushes. No brush is soap. All soaps are rats. Conclusions : I. Some rats are brushes. II. No rat is brush. III. Some towels are soaps. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Only conclusion II follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Either I or II follows Some towels are brushes. No brush is soap. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some towels are not soaps’. No brush is soap. All soaps are rats. Since the middle term is distributed twice, the conclusion must be particular. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, it follows that ‘Some brushes are not rats’. 5 / 79 Category: Logical problem 5) Some blankets are beds. Some pillows are blankets. All beds are pillows. Conclusions : I. Some blankets are pillows. II. Some pillows are beds. III. Some beds are blankets. A) Only either I or II follows B) Only I and either II or III follow C) All I, II and III follow D) Only III and either I or II follow I is the converse of the second premise, II is the converse of the third premise and III is the converse of the first premise. 6 / 79 Category: Logical problem 6) All bags are cakes. All lamps are cakes. Conclusions : I. Some lamps are bags. II. No lamp is bag. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Either I or II follows Since the middle term ‘cakes’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 7 / 79 Category: Logical problem 7) Some taxis have horns. Some taxis have lights. Conclusions : I. Every taxi has either horn or light. II. Some taxis have neither light nor horn. III. Some taxis have horns as well as lights. IV. No taxi has horn as well as light. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Either I or II follows Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, III and IV form a complementary pair. 8 / 79 Category: Logical problem 8) All fishes are grey in colour. Some fishes are heavy. Conclusions : I. All heavy fishes are grey in colour. II. All light fishes are not grey in colour. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Only conclusion I follow D) Either I or II follows Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some heavy things are grey in colour’. I is a cumulative result of this conclusion and the first premise. 9 / 79 Category: Logical problem 9) All water is divine. All temples are divine. Conclusions : I. All water is temple. II. All temples are water. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Only conclusion I follow D) Neither I nor II follows Since the middle term ‘divine’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. 10 / 79 Category: Logical problem 10) All tigers are jungles. No jungle is bird. Some birds are rains. Conclusions : I. No rain is jungle. II. Some rains are jungles. III. No bird is tiger. A) Only III follows B) Only I and II follow C) Only either I or II, and III follow D) All follow All tigers are jungles. No jungle is bird. Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘No tiger is bird’. No jungle is bird. Some birds are rains. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some jungles are not rains’. 11 / 79 Category: Logical problem 11) Some tigers are lions. Some lions are rabbits. Some rabbits are horses. Conclusions : I. Some tigers are horses. II. Some rabbits are tigers. III. Some horses are lions. IV. All horses are rabbits. A) Only I and II follow B) All follow C) None follows D) Only II and IV follow Since each combination of premises shall contain two particular premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. 12 / 79 Category: Logical problem 12) All cups are glasses. Some glasses are bowls. No bowl is a plate. Conclusions : I. No cup is a plate. II. No glass is a plate. III. Some plates are bowls. IV. Some cups are not glasses. A) Only II and III follow B) None follows C) Only either I or III follows D) Only III and IV follow All cups are glasses. Some glasses are bowls. Since the middle term ‘glasses’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. Some glasses are bowls. No bowl is a plate. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some glasses are not plates’. 13 / 79 Category: Logical problem 13) All politicians are honest. All honest are fair. Conclusions : I. Some honest are politicians. II. No honest is politician. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Either I or II follows C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion II follow Clearly, it follows that ‘All politicians are fair’. I is the converse of the first premise, while III is the converse of the above conclusion. 14 / 79 Category: Logical problem 14) Most teachers are boys. Some boys are students. Conclusions : I. Some students are boys. II. Some teachers are students. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion I follow Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds. 15 / 79 Category: Logical problem 15) All hill stations have a sun-set point. X is a hill station. Conclusions : I. X has a sun-set point. II. Places other than hill stations do not have sun-set points. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Only conclusion II follow C) Either I or II follows D) Neither I nor II follows Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. 16 / 79 Category: Logical problem 16) No gentleman is poor. All gentlemen are rich. Conclusions : I. No poor man is rich. II. No rich man is poor. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Neither I nor II follows The first premise is an E-type proposition, So, the middle term ‘gentleman’ forming the subject is distributed. The second premise is an A-type proposition. So, the middle term ‘gentlemen’ forming the subject is distributed. Since the middle term is distributed twice, the conclusion cannot be universal. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Thus, it follows that ‘Some rich men are not poor’. 17 / 79 Category: Logical problem 17) All young scientists are open-minded. No open-minded men are superstitious. Conclusions : I. No scientist is superstitious. II. No young people are superstitious. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Only conclusion I follow C) Either I or II follows D) Only conclusion II follow The subject in both the conclusions is vague. The true conclusion is ‘No young scientist is superstitious’. 18 / 79 Category: Logical problem 18) Raman is always successful. No fool is always successful. Conclusions : I. Raman is a fool. II. Raman is not a fool. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Either I or II follows Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. 19 / 79 Category: Logical problem 19) No tree is fruit. All fruits are stones. All stones are rains. Conclusions : I. No stone is tree. II. No rain is tree. III. Some rains are fruits. IV. Some rains are trees. A) Only either II or IV, and III follow B) None follows C) All follow D) Only either II or III, and I follow No tree is fruit. All fruits are stones. Since the middle term ‘fruits’ is distributed twice, the conclusion must be particular. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, it follows that ‘Some stones are not trees’. All fruits are stones. All stones are rains. Clearly, it follows that ‘All fruits are rains’. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. No tree is fruit, All fruits are rains. As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some rains are not trees’. 20 / 79 Category: Logical problem 20) Some books are tables. Some tables are mirrors. Conclusions : I. Some mirrors are books. II. No book is mirror. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Neither I nor II follows Since both the premises are particular no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 21 / 79 Category: Logical problem 21) All artists are smokers. Some smokers are drunkards. Conclusions : I. All smokers are artists. II. Some drunkards are not smokers. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Either I or II follows Since the middle term ‘smokers’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. 22 / 79 Category: Logical problem 22) No rabbit is lion. Some horses are lions. All rabbits are tables. Conclusions : I. Some tables are lions. II. Some horses are rabbits. III. No lion is table. A) Only III follows B) None follows C) Only either I or III follows D) Only II and III follow Some horses are lions. No rabbit is lion. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some horses are not rabbits’. All rabbits are tables. No rabbit is lion. Since the middle term ‘rabbits’ is distributed twice, the conclusion must be particular. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, it follows that ‘Some tables are not lions’. 23 / 79 Category: Logical problem 23) No house is school. All colleges are schools. All schools are teachers. Conclusions : I. No house is teacher. II. All colleges are teachers. III. Some teachers are not houses. IV. No college is house. A) All follow B) Only either I or IV follows C) None follows D) Only II, III and IV follow All colleges are schools. No house is school. Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘No college is house’. All colleges are schools. All schools are teachers. Clearly, it follows that ‘All colleges are teachers’. No house is school. All schools are teachers. Since the middle term ‘schools’ is distributed twice, the conclusion must be particular. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, it follows that ‘Some teachers are not houses’. 24 / 79 Category: Logical problem 24) All good athletes win. All good athletes eat well. Conclusions : I. All those who eat well are good athletes. II. All those who win eat well. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Only conclusion I follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Either I or II follows Since the middle term ‘good athletes’ is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So it follows that ‘Some of those who win, eat well’. 25 / 79 Category: Logical problem 25) All birds are tall. Some tall are hens. Conclusions : I. Some birds are hens. II. Some hens are tall. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion I follow Since the middle term ‘tall’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and so it holds. 26 / 79 Category: Logical problem 26) All snakes are trees. Some trees are roads. All roads are mountains. Conclusions : I. Some mountains are snakes. II. Some roads are snakes. III. Some mountains are trees. A) Only I follows B) Both I and II follow C) Only II follows D) Only III follows All snakes are trees. Some trees are roads. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, so no definite conclusion follows. Some trees are roads. All roads are mountains. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some trees are mountains’. All snakes are trees. Some trees are mountains. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, so no definite conclusion follows. 27 / 79 Category: Logical problem 27) All educated people read newspapers. Rahul does not read newspaper. Conclusions : I. Rahul is not educated. II. Reading newspaper is not essential to be educated. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Only conclusion I follow Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. 28 / 79 Category: Logical problem 28) All benches are desks. Some desks are roads. All roads are pillars. Conclusions : I. Some pillars are benches. II. Some pillars are desks. III. Some roads are benches. IV. No pillar is bench. A) Only either I or IV, and III follow B) Only either I or IV follows C) Only either I or IV, and II follow D) None follows All benches are desks. Some desks are roads. Since the middle term ‘desks’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. Some desks are roads. All roads are pillars. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some desks are pillars’. All benches are desks. Some desks are pillars. Since the middle term ‘desks’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and IV involve the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 29 / 79 Category: Logical problem 29) Many scooters are trucks. All trucks are trains. Conclusions : I. Some scooters are trains. II. No truck is a scooter. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Either I or II follows D) Only conclusion I follow Since the first premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. 30 / 79 Category: Logical problem 30) Some kings are queens. All queens are beautiful. Conclusions : I. All kings are beautiful. II. All queens are kings. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Only conclusion I follow Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular. 31 / 79 Category: Logical problem 31) Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow. Conclusions : I. No cow is cat. II. No dog is rat. III. Some cats are rats. A) None follows B) Only I and II follow C) Only III follows D) Only II and III follow Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some cats are not cows’. 32 / 79 Category: Logical problem 32) All pens are chalks. All chairs are chalks. Conclusions : I. Some pens are chairs. II. Some chalks are pens. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Only conclusion I follow Since the middle term ‘chalks’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the first premise and so it holds. 33 / 79 Category: Logical problem 33) Some uniforms are covers. All covers are papers. All papers are bags. Conclusions : I. All covers are bags. II. Some bags are covers, papers and uniforms. III. Some uniforms are not papers. A) Only I and II follow B) Only III follows C) All I, II and III follow D) Only I follows Some uniforms are covers. All covers are papers. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some uniforms are papers’. All covers are papers. All papers are bags. Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative (A-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘All covers are bags’. The converse of this conclusion i.e. ‘Some bags are covers’ also holds. Some uniforms are covers. All covers are bags. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some uniforms are bags’, The converse of this conclusion i.e. ‘Some bags are uniforms’ also holds. Further, the converse of the third premise i.e. ‘Some bags are papers’ holds. Now, II is the cumulative result of the conclusions ‘Some bags are covers’, ‘Some bags are papers’ and ‘Some bags are uniforms’. 34 / 79 Category: Logical problem 34) Some taxis have horns. Some taxis have lights. Conclusions : I. Every taxi has either horn or light. II. Some taxis have neither light nor horn. III. Some taxis have horns as well as lights. IV. No taxi has horn as well as light. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Either I or II follows C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion II follow Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, III and IV form a complementary pair. 35 / 79 Category: Logical problem 35) No magazine is cap. All caps are cameras. Conclusions : I. No camera is magazine. II. Some cameras are magazines. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion I follow As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some cameras are not magazines’. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 36 / 79 Category: Logical problem 36) All dolls are windows. All bottles are windows. All cars are bottles. Conclusions : I. All cars are windows. II. Some cars are dolls. III. Some windows are cars. A) Only II and III follow B) Only I and III follow C) Only I and II follow D) All follow All cars are bottles. All bottles are windows. Since both the premises are universal, the conclusion must be universal and shouldn’t contain the middle term, So, it follows that ‘All cars are windows’. Also, III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. All dolls are windows. All bottles are windows. Since the middle term ‘windows’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. All cars are windows. All bottles are windows. Again, the middle term ‘windows’ is not distributed even once in the premises. 37 / 79 Category: Logical problem 37) All jungles are tigers. Some tigers are horses. Conclusions : I. Some horses are jungles. II. No horse is jungle. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion I follow C) Only conclusion II follow D) Neither I nor II follows Since the middle term ‘tigers’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 38 / 79 Category: Logical problem 38) Some clothes are marbles. Some marbles are bags. Conclusions : I. No cloth is a bag. II. All marbles are bags. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Either I or II follows D) Only conclusion I follow Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and III involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 39 / 79 Category: Logical problem 39) All doors are roads. No road is fruit. Some flowers are doors. Conclusions I. Some fruits are doors. II. Some fruits are flowers. III. Some roads are flowers. IV. No fruit is flower. A) Only either II or IV follows B) Only either II or IV, and III follow C) Only either II or IV, and I follow D) Only either II or III, and IV follow All doors are roads. No road is fruit. Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘No door is fruit. ‘Some flowers are doors. All doors are roads. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some flowers are roads’. Some flowers are roads. No road is fruit. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some flowers are not fruits’. 40 / 79 Category: Logical problem 40) Some books are pens. No pen is pencil. Conclusions : I. Some books are pencils. II. No book is pencil. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion I follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion II follow As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some books are not pencils’. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 41 / 79 Category: Logical problem 41) Bureaucrats marry only intelligent girls. Tanya is very intelligent. Conclusions : I. Tanya will marry a bureaucrat. II. Tanya will not marry a bureaucrat. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion I follow The data does not mention whether all intelligent girls are married to bureaucrats. 42 / 79 Category: Logical problem 42) Some tables are TVs. Some TVs are radios. Conclusions : I. Some tables are radios. II. Some radios are tables. III. All radios are TVs. IV. All TVs are tables. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Neither I nor II follows Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. 43 / 79 Category: Logical problem 43) Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads. Conclusions : I. Some roads are rivers. II. Some roads are hills. III. Some deserts are hills. A) Only II and III follow B) Only I follows C) Only I and II follow D) None follows Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are deserts. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and shouldn’t contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some rivers are roads’. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are roads. Again, since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. 44 / 79 Category: Logical problem 44) Some men are educated. Educated persons prefer small families. Conclusions : I. All small families are educated. II. Some men prefer small families. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Neither I nor II follows Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. 45 / 79 Category: Logical problem 45) All players are spectators. Some spectators are theatres. Some theatres are dramas. Conclusions : I. Some dramas are spectators. II. Some players are dramas. III. Some theatres are players. IV. All spectators are players. A) None follows B) Only II and IV follow C) Only II follows D) Only I and III follow All players are spectators. Some spectators are theatres. Since the middle term ‘spectators’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. Some spectators are theatres. Some theatres are dramas. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. 46 / 79 Category: Logical problem 46) Some dedicated souls are angels. All social workers are angels. Conclusions : I. Some dedicated souls are social workers. II. Some social workers are dedicated souls. A) Either I or II follows B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Only conclusion II follow The first premise is an I type proposition. So, the middle term ‘angels’ forming the predicate is not distributed. The second premise is an A type proposition. So, the middle term ‘angels’ forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. 47 / 79 Category: Logical problem 47) All pens are roads. All roads are houses. Conclusions : I. All houses are pens. II. Some houses are pens. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Only conclusion II follow C) Either I or II follows D) Neither I nor II follows Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘All pens are houses’. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. Since the term ‘houses’ is distributed in I without being distributed in any of the premises, so I does not follow. 48 / 79 Category: Logical problem 48) Some bottles are drinks. All drinks are cups. Conclusions : I. Some bottles are cups. II. Some cups are drinks. III. All drinks are bottles. IV. All cups are drinks. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Only conclusion I follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Either I or II follows Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some bottles are cups’. 49 / 79 Category: Logical problem 49) Some taxis have horns. Some taxis have lights. Conclusions : I. Every taxi has either horn or light. II. Some taxis have neither light nor horn. III. Some taxis have horns as well as lights. IV. No taxi has horn as well as light. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Only conclusion I follow D) Neither I nor II follows Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, III and IV form a complementary pair. 50 / 79 Category: Logical problem 50) No women teacher can play. Some women teachers are athletes. Conclusions : I. Male athletes can play. II. Some athletes can play. A) Either I or II follows B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Only conclusion II follow Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. 51 / 79 Category: Logical problem 51) Some doctors are fools. Some fools are rich. Conclusions : I. Some doctors are rich II. Some rich are doctors. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Either I or II follows D) Only conclusion I follow Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. 52 / 79 Category: Logical problem 52) Some dogs are rats. All rats are trees. Some trees are not dogs. Conclusions : I. Some trees are dogs. II. All dogs are trees. III. All rats are dogs. IV. No tree is dog. A) Only I and II follow B) Only II and III follow C) Only I follows D) None follows Some dogs are rats. All rats are trees. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some dogs are trees’. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. All rats are trees. Some trees are not dogs. Since the middle term ‘trees’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. 53 / 79 Category: Logical problem 53) Some books are pens. No pen is pencil. Conclusions : I. Some pens are books. II. Some pencils are books. III. Some books are not pencils. IV. All pencils are books. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Only conclusion I follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Either I or II follows Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. 54 / 79 Category: Logical problem 54) Some dreams are nights. Some nights are days. Conclusions : I. All days are either nights or dreams. II. Some days are nights. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Either I or II follows D) Only conclusion II follow Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds. 55 / 79 Category: Logical problem 55) Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. Conclusions : I. Either all criminals are guilty or all guilty are criminals. II. Some guilty persons are criminals. III. Generally criminals are guilty. IV. Crime and guilt go together. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Only conclusion I follow C) Either I or II follows D) Only conclusion II follow Since the middle term ‘terrorists’ is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion cannot be universal. So, it follows that ‘Some guilty persons are criminals’. 56 / 79 Category: Logical problem 56) Some taxis have horns. Some taxis have lights. Conclusions : I. Every taxi has either horn or light. II. Some taxis have neither light nor horn. III. Some taxis have horns as well as lights. IV. No taxi has horn as well as light. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Either I or II follows D) Only conclusion I follow Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, III and IV form a complementary pair. 57 / 79 Category: Logical problem 57) All roads are poles. No pole is a house. Conclusions : I. Some roads are houses. II. Some houses are poles. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Neither I nor II follows Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. 58 / 79 Category: Logical problem 58) Some swords are sharp. All swords are rusty. Conclusions : I. Some rusty things are sharp. II. Some rusty things are not sharp. A) Either I or II follows B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Only conclusion I follow Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. 59 / 79 Category: Logical problem 59) Some pastries are toffees. All toffees are chocolates. Conclusions : I. Some chocolates are toffees. II. Some toffees are not pastries. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion I follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion II follow Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, it follows that ‘Some pastries are chocolates’, I is the converse of the second premise and so it holds. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. 60 / 79 Category: Logical problem 60) Some saints are balls. All balls are bats. Some tigers are balls. Conclusions : I. Some bats are tigers. II. Some saints are bats. III. All bats are balls. A) Only I and II follow B) Only II follows C) Only I and III follow D) Only III follows Some saints are balls. All balls are bats. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some saints are bats’. Some tigers are balls. All balls are bats. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some tigers are bats’. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. 61 / 79 Category: Logical problem 61) No man is a donkey. Rahul is a man. Conclusions : I. Rahul is not a donkey. II. All men are not Rahul. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Neither I nor II follows Since on premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Conclusion II cannot follow as it contains the middle term. 62 / 79 Category: Logical problem 62) Some papers are pens. Angle is a paper. Conclusions : I. Angle is not a pen. II. Angle is a pen. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Either I or II follows Since the middle term ‘papers’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. 63 / 79 Category: Logical problem 63) Some mountains are hillocks. Some mountains are rivers. Some mountains are valleys. Conclusions : I. All mountains are either hillocks or rivers or valleys. II. No valley is river. III. Some river are valleys. A) None follows B) Only III follows C) Only either II or III follows D) Only I follows Since each combination of premises shall contain two particular premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. However, II and III are statements involving the extreme terms of the last two premises and form a complementary pair. 64 / 79 Category: Logical problem 64) Some engineers are fools. Anand is an engineer. Conclusions : I. Some fools are engineers. II. Anand is a fool. A) Either I or II follows B) Only conclusion II follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Only conclusion I follow Since the middle term ‘engineer’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds. 65 / 79 Category: Logical problem 65) All cars are cats. All fans are cats. Conclusions : I. All cars are fans II. Some fans are cars. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion II follow D) Either I or II follows Since the middle term ‘cats’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. 66 / 79 Category: Logical problem 66) Some blades are hammers. Some hammers are knives. Some knives are axes. Conclusions : I. Some axes are hammers. II. Some knives are blades. III. Some axes are blades. A) Only II follows B) Only I follows C) Only III follows D) None follows Since each combination of premises has two particular premises, so no definite conclusion follows. 67 / 79 Category: Logical problem 67) All trucks fly. Some scooters fly. Conclusions : I. All trucks are scooters. II. Some scooters do not fly. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Only conclusion II follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Either I or II follows Since the middle term ‘fly’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. 68 / 79 Category: Logical problem 68) All poles are guns. Some boats are not poles. Conclusions : I. All guns are boats. II. Some boats are not guns. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Either I or II follows Clearly, the term ‘guns’ is distributed in both the conclusions without being distributed in any of the premises. 69 / 79 Category: Logical problem 69) Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are beads. All beads are rings. Conclusions : I. Some rings are hammers. II. Some hammers are boxes. III. Some rings are boxes. A) None follows B) Only I follows C) Only II and III follow D) Only I and II follow Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are beads. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn. Some hammers are beads. All beads are rings. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some hammers are rings’. Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are rings. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn. 70 / 79 Category: Logical problem 70) Some pearls are stones. Some stones are diamonds. No diamond is a gem. Conclusions : I. Some gems are pearls. II. Some gems are diamonds. III. No gem is a diamond. IV. No gem is a pearl. A) Only I and II follow B) Only either I or IV and either II or III follow C) Only III and IV follow D) Only III and either I or IV follow Some pearls are stones. Some stones are diamonds. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. Some stones are diamonds. No diamond is a gem. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some stones are not gems’. However, I and IV involve the extreme terms of the three premises and form a complementary pair. 71 / 79 Category: Logical problem 71) All boys are honest. Sachin is honest. Conclusions : I. Sachin is a boy. II. All honest persons are boys. A) Neither I nor II follows B) Either I or II follows C) Only conclusion I follow D) Only conclusion II follow Both the premises are A type propositions. So, the middle term ‘honest’ forming the predicate in each is not distributed in either. Since the middle term is not distributed even once, no definite conclusion follows. 72 / 79 Category: Logical problem 72) All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees. Conclusions : I. Some angels are toys. II. Some trees are flowers. III. Some flowers are angels. A) None follows B) Only III follows C) Only I follows D) Only II follows All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees. Since the middle term ‘toys’ is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn. 73 / 79 Category: Logical problem 73) Some trains are roads. No road is jungle. All flowers are jungles. Conclusions : I. Some trains are flowers. II. Some trains are jungles. III. Some flowers are trains. IV. No road is flower. A) Only IV follows B) Only III follows C) None follows D) Only II follows Some trains are roads. No road is jungle. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some trains are not jungles’. No road is jungle. All flowers are jungles. Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘No flower is road’. Some trains are roads, No flower is road. As discussed above, it follows that ‘Some trains are not flowers’. 74 / 79 Category: Logical problem 74) All tigers are lions. No cow is lion. Some camels are cows. Conclusions : I. Some lions are camels. II. No camel is tiger. III. Some tigers are cows. A) Only III follows B) Only I follows C) None follows D) Only II follows All tigers are lions. No cow is lion. Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and shouldn’t contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘No tiger is cow’. Some camels are cows. No cow is lion. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some camels are not lions’. Some camels are cows. No tiger is cow. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some camels are not tigers’. 75 / 79 Category: Logical problem 75) Some bricks are trees. All trees are pens. All pens are boats. Conclusions : I. Some boats are bricks. II. Some pens are bricks. III. Some trees are bricks. IV. Some bricks are boats. A) None follows B) All follow C) Only III and IV follow D) Only I and II follow Some bricks are trees. All trees are pens. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some bricks are pens’. All trees are pens. All pens are boats. Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘All trees are boats’. Some bricks are trees. All trees are boats. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some bricks are boats’. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it also holds. 76 / 79 Category: Logical problem 76) Some houses are offices. Some offices are schools. Conclusions : I. Some schools are houses. II. Some offices are houses. III. No house is school. IV. Some schools are offices. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Only conclusion II follow C) Neither I nor II follows D) Either I or II follows Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and III involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. II is the converse of the first premise while IV is the converse of the second premise. 77 / 79 Category: Logical problem 77) Some pictures are frames. Some frames are idols. All idols are curtains. Conclusions : I. Some curtains are pictures. II. Some curtains are frames. III. Some idols are frames. A) Only I and II follow B) Only II and III follow C) Only I and III follow D) All follow III is the converse of the second premise and so it holds. Some pictures are frames. Some frames are idols. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. Some frames are idols. All idols are curtains. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some frames are curtains’. Some pictures are frames. Some frames are curtains. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn. 78 / 79 Category: Logical problem 78) Some desks are caps. No cap is red. Conclusions : I. Some caps are desks. II. No desk is red. A) Only conclusion I follow B) Neither I nor II follows C) Either I or II follows D) Only conclusion II follow Since one premise is particular and the other premise is negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some desks are not red’. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds. 79 / 79 Category: Logical problem 79) All roads are waters. Some waters are boats. Conclusions : I. Some boats are roads. II. All waters are boats. A) Only conclusion II follow B) Only conclusion I follow C) Either I or II follows D) Neither I nor II follows The first premise is A type and distributes the subject. So, the middle term ‘waters’ which forms its predicate, is not distributed. The second premise is I type and does not distribute either subject or predicate. So, the middle term ‘waters’ forming its subject is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. Your score is 0% Restart quiz
